Uyghurlarning qanun teshnaliqi
ئۇيغۇرلارنىڭ قانۇن تەشنالىقى
http://uyghur-jemiyiti.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_28.html
ئۇيغۇرلارنىڭ قانۇن تەشنالىقى
http://uyghur-jemiyiti.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_28.html
Memet Emin
Wetendiki
zulumning künsayin
ighirlishishi, jaza lagirigha solun’ghanlarning kündin kün’ge köpiyishige we 9 yil
ilgiri Amirkida oturgha chiqip, hazirgha qeder axiri chiqmighan “Uyghurlargha
munasiwetlik qanun” ning qaytidin qizziq nuqtigha aylinishigha egiship,
Uyghurlarning Amirkida qanun chiqirishqa bolghan teshnaliqi tiz sürette iship
barmaqta.
Köpünchimizning
xewiri bolghandek, 1987 – yildin buyan Amirkida Tibetlerge munasiwetlik köpligen
qararlar (resolutions) we bir qanun maqullan’ghan bolup, ularning ichide eng mohim bolghan Tibet siyasiti
qanuni (Tibet policy act) dep
atalghan u qanun, 2001 – yili 5 – ayning 9 – küni Amirka parlamentige
tonushturlup, Amirkining kingesh we awam palatasiyeside
bir yildin köprek waqit talash tartish qilinip,
yirimdin artuq paralament ezalirining testiqidin ötkendin kiyin, 2002 – yili 9 – ayning 30 – küni pireziden Bush
teripidin qol qoyulup, resmi qanun shekilde ijira qilinishqa bashlighan.
Bizning
xelqimiz uzundin biri, bolupmu yiqinqi yillardin biri duch kiliwatqan basturush
we qirghinchiliqlar, Tibet xelqi yüzlen’gen basturush we qirghinchiliqtin hergüz
az emes, biraq hazirgha qeder Amirkida bizge munasiwetlik hichqandaq bir qanun
maqullanmidi. Bügünkidek
éghir künlerde xelqimiz
heqiqetenmu Amirkida Uyghurlar toghursida shundaq bir qanun chiqirishigha alla
burun heq etti. Amirkida bizning heq
hoquqimizni qoghdaydighan bir emes hetta bir nechche qanun we qararlar
maqullinishi kirek. Undaqta Tibetlerge maqullan’ghan u qararlar we qanun nime
üchün bizge maqullanmidi? Biz we bizning teshkilatlar qaysi tereplerde yiterlik
xizmet qilalmidi? Bu sualgha jawap birish üchün aldi bilen Amirkining qanun
maqullash jeryani bilen tonushup ötmek lazim.
Amirkining
qanun maqullash jeryani
Amirkida qanun maqullash, hergüzmu yizip
teyyarlan’ghan qanun layihesining deslepki nusqisini paralament binasi ichide
ishxanimu ishxana kötürep yürüp, aldigha uchurghan parlament ezalirigha imza qoydurush
arqiliq hel bolidighan ish emes.
Amirkida qanun maqullash jeryani nahayti mürekkep
bir jeryan bolup, uning jeryanlirini nahayti addi qilip eyitqanda töwendiki bir
nechche qedem basquchlargha yighinchaqlash mümkin.
Amirkida qanun maqullash üchün, aldi bilen biri
yaki birnechche parlament ezasi, maqullimaqchi bolghan qanun layihesi (bill) ge
kipil (sponsor) bolup imza qoyishi kirek.
Ikkinji qedemde, u qanun layihesi (bill) ge bash heripi (awam palatasiyesi üchün) H din yaki (kengesh palatasiye üchün) S din bashlan'ghan qanun maqullash nomuri (legislative number) bikitilip, awam palatasiyesi (House of Representatives) diki munasiwetlik
komitit (Committee) (bizge nisbeten tashqi ishlar komititi yeni Foreign Relationship Committee) ning muzakire
qilishigha sunulidu, eger muzakire qilin'ghan qanun layihesi komitit ezaliri teripidin
testiqlansa, awam palatasiyeside awaz berishning kün tertiwige qoyulidu.
Üchinji
qedemde, qanun layihesi eger awam palatasiyede ewel tonushturulghan bolsa awam
palatasiyesi (House of Representatives)
de munazire qilinidu. Eger awam palatasiyesidiki 435 wekil (Representative) ichidin 218 ning
qollishigha irishse, qanun layihesi awam palatasiyeside testiqlan’ghan bolidu
we kingesh palatasiyesi (Senate) ge
baridu. (Eger
Tötinji
qedemde, qanun layihesi kingesh palatasiyesi (Senate) ge barghandin kiyin, kingesh palatasiyediki komititning
muzakire qilishigha sunulidu. Eger muzakire qilin'ghan qanun layihesi kingesh
palatasiyesidiki komitit teripidin testiqlansa, kingesh palatasiyesi teripidin
awaz berish we munazire qilishqa sunilidu.
Beshinji
qedemde, eger qanun layihesi kingesh palatasiyesi (Senate) diki 100 parlament
ezasi (senator) ichide 51 eza teripidin
testiqlansa, eng axirqi muzakire we özgertish üchün, awam palatasiye we kingesh palatasiye
wekilliridin terkip tapqan qurultay komititige sunilidu.
Altinji qedemde, awam palatasiye we kingesh
palatasiye wekilliridin terkip tapqan qurultay komititi bu ikki parlament
teripidin muzakire qilin'ghan qanun layihesini bir yerge ekilip selishturidu we
eng axirida birlikke kelgen qanun layihesini qaytidin awam palatasiye we kingesh
palatasiyesining körüp chiqishigha sunidu. Ular uni ayrim ayrim muzakire qilip
eng axirqi qanun layihesini testiqlaydu.
Yettinji qedemde, eng axirqi testqilan'ghan we
birlikke kelgen qanun layihesi bisip chiqirlip pirezidentning testiqlishigha
sunilidu. Pirezidentning u qanun layihesini testiqlash we yaki ret qilishi
üchün 10 kün waqit bar bolup, eger u 10 kün ichide testiqlap qol qoysa, u qanun
layihesi resmi qanun bolup küchke ige bolidu, bolmisa ret qilinip parlament
ezalirigha qayturwitilidu.
Emiliyette maqullimaqchi bolghan qanun layihesi
yuqarqi her bir basquch jeryanida pütünley özgertilishi, hetta tamamen ret
qilinishi mümkin.
Qanun maqullashninv yuqarqi qedem basquchlirigha
asaslan’ghanda, Amirkida qanun chiqirish üchün yalghuz namayish qilish yiterlik
emes bolup, uningliq üchün eng mohim bir tereptin dawani Amirka parlament
ezalirigha ünümlük anglitidighan bir türküm kespi xadimlar we yaki lobichilar
bolishi kirek, yene bir tereptin herqaysi shitatlarda yashawatqan Amirka wetendishi
bolghan her bir Uyghur, dawani özi turiwatqan shitattiki awam palatasiye we
kingesh palatasiye ezalirigha üzlüksiz anglitip, maqullanmaqchi bolghan qanun
üchün, ularning paralamentte awaz birishini qolgha keltürüshi kirek.
Yiqinda
Amirkida, Tibetlerge munasiwetlik yene bir qanun layihesi (Reciprocal Access toTibet Act of 2017, H.R. 1872), Awam Palatasiye Qanun Komititining birdek
testiqlishidin ötüptu. Tibetlerning bu qanun layihesi tunji bolup 2014 ـ yili Amirka
Awam Palatasiyesige tonushturulghan iken, 4 yildin kiyinki bügünki künde aran qanun maqullashning deslepki qedimini
tamamlaptu. Bu qanun layiheside Xittay puxralirining Amirkigha erkin kilip
kiteliginige oxshash, Amirka puxraliri, emeldarliri we muxpirliriningmu Tibetke
erkin birip kileleydighanliqi oturgha qoyulghan iken. Eger bu qanun layihesi
eng axirda testiqlinip ressi qanun’gha aylanda we emilleshse, tashqi dunyaning
Tibette bolawatqan ishlardin xewer tipishigha chong paydisi bolushi mümkin.
Undin
bashqa Amirkining Tibet musapirlirigha yardem qilish qanuni (Tibetan RefugeeAssistance Act) layihesi 2008 – yili tunji qitim parlamentke tonushturulghan
bolup, uningda her yili 3000 Tibetke, Amirkigha kilish üchün viza birish telep
qilin’ghan iken. 2008 - yildin kiyin bu qanun layihesi bir nechche qitim Amirka
parlimentige qayta qayta tonushturulghan. Eng axirqi qitim 2017 - yili
tonushturulghan. (H.R.3087 - Tibetan Refugee Assistance Act of 2017).
Méning qarimshimche Amirkida Tibetlerge
munasiwetlik bu qanun we qararlarning maqullinishi Tibetlerning uzun muddet
üzlüksiz tirishchanliqi bilen munasiwetlik. Birleshken Döwletler Teshkilat 1959, 1961 we 1965 - yilliri arqa arqidin Tibetler toghursida üch qitim qarar maqullighan iken. Tibetlerning dahisi 14 – qitimliq
Dalay Lama 1979 – yili Amirkini tunji qitim ziyaret qilghan iken. Shuningdin
étiwaren Dalay Lama bilen Amirka parlament ezaliri arisidiki qoyuq munasiwet
ornitilishqa bashlighan. Shundaq bolghanda Tibetler tashqi dunyada dawa ilip biriwatqili 60 yil, Amirkida resmi dawa ilip
biriwatqili 40 yilgha yiqin bolghan. Ular bu 60 yil waqit jeryanda Amirkida
jümlidin gheripte qandaq dawa qilishning usullirini obdan ügendi. Tibetler Amirka we bashqa gherip döwletliride özliri
üchün dawa qilip biridighan nurghun kishilerni qolgha keltürdi, ularning ichide
mushhur jamaet erbablirimu az emes. Ularning yiterlik ixtizadi bolghachqa
lobichiliqqimu alahide ehmiyet bergen.
Ishinimenki
Tibetler u qanun we qararlarni royapqa chiqirish üchün nurghun
tirishchanliqlarni körsetti; ular aldi
bilen Tibet xelqining menpetini birinji orun’gha qoydi; bizdiki bezi
insanlargha oxshash menmenchilik we abroy
taliship, bir birini xayin munapiq dep öz ara haqaret qilishmidi, milletning
itipaqliqi we birlikini buzmid; öz ara
itipaqliship, küchni birlikke keltürdi. Shu
seweptin Tibet xelqining heq hoquqini qoghdaydighan bu qanun we qaralar
maqullandi.
Bizchu? Biz Amirkida dawa bashlighili 1998 –
yildin hisaplisaq emdila 20 yil boldi; biz gerche bu 20 yil waqit jeryanida
gheripte qandaq yashashni, teshkilat qurup her xil paliyet we namayishlarni
uyushturushni az tola ügen’gen bolsaqmu, biraq Amirkida qanun qandaq
maqullinidighanliqini, we qanun maqullash jeryanida qandaq amillarning mohim
rol oynaydighanliqini toluq tonup yitelmiduq;
yiterlik parlament ezalirining qollishigha irishelmiduq; ixtizadi jehettiki her
xil qiyinchiliqlar tüpeylidin we yaki lobichiliqning mohimliqini tonup
yetmeslikimiz tüpeylidin, lobichiliqqa alahide ehmiyet birelmiduq; eng mohimi qolimizgha
kelgen pursetlerdin ünümlük paydilinalmay qalduq; he disek bir birimizni
haqaretlep, sewenlikni bashqilardin izdiduq; bir birimizni yaratmiduq, bir
birimizni inkar qilishtuq.
Adette
parlamentke tonushturulghan herqandaq qanun layihesi (bill) ge (awam palatasiyesi üchün) H din, (kengesh palatasiye üchün) S din bashlan'ghan qanun maqullash nomuri bikitilip, parlament arxibida saqlinidighan bolup, men parlament tor bitidin Tibetlerge ait nurghun uchurlarni izdep taptip. Uyghurlargha ait chiqqan qararlar (resolutions) ni taptim (yazmining axirgha qarang). Men gerche Uyghurlargha ayit qanun
layihesi we yaki qarar layihesige munasiwetlik barliq uchurlarni qarap chiqqan
bolsammu, biraq 9 yil ilgiri maqullatmaqchi bolghan u qanun layihesi toghursida
hichqandaq bir yip uchi tapalmidim. Men igelligen ehwalgha asaslan’ghanda, 9
yil ilgiri biz üchün tüzülmekchi bolghan u qanun, Amirkining resmi qanun
maqullash kün tertiwige tixi kirmey turup, qanun layihesining deslepki basquchida
toxtap qalghan.
Hemmimiz
bilgendek Amirka yüksek dimokiratilashqan qanuni bir döwlet. Shexislerning saylash,
saylinish we her xil qanuni heq höquqliri bar, biraq shexisler Amirkining qanun
tüzüsh sistimisigha xalighanche tesir körsütüp, özining shexsi gherizi üchün
tüziliwatqan qanunni xalighanche tosup qalalmaydu. Shunga biz burun könüp
qalghan aditimiz boyiche tepekkur qilip, sewenlikni özimizdin izdimey, mesulyetni
bashqilargha, bolupmu bizge yardem bergenlerge yüklep qoysaq, u “ash bergen
qazanni chaqqan” liq bolidu.
Bizde
“ötken ishni
saliwat” deydighan ata sözi bar. Mining qarishimche, hazir ötüp ketken ish
üchün, ichimizdin “jawapkar” tipip, uni köresh qilish bilen waqit isirap
qilidighan waqit emes. Eger bizning mesilini hel qilish niyitimiz bolsa, gepni
bashqilarni eyipleshtin, bashqilarni haqaretleshtin we teshkilatlarni inkar
qilishtin bashlimay, biz qaysi jehettin yiterlik qilalmiduq dep oylap
biqishimiz, tejirbe sawaqlarni yekünlep, yaxshi pikir tekliplirimiz bolsa oturgha
qoyishimiz, bolmisa ish qiliwatqan teshkilat we shexislerni qollap, ulargha
kireklik bolghan we qolimizdin kelgen yardemlerni birishimiz kirek.
Eger Amirkida bizge munasiwetlik herqandaq bir qanun
maqullansa, u xelqimizning heq hoqini qoghdash jehette heqiqeten zor ehmiyetke
ige. Aldi bilen Amirkida royapqa chiqqan biz bilen munasiwetlik herqandaq bir
qarar we yaki qanun xelqimizge zor ümütler ilip kilidu; shuning bilen bir
waqitta u zenjirsiman tesir qozghap bashqa gherip döwletlirining Uyghurlar
tutqan siyasitide ijabi özgürüshler peyda qilidu; xelqarning Xittay
hakimiyitige bolghan naraziliqini kücheytidu we shundaqla weten sirtidiki
Uyghur musapirlarning heq hoquqini qoghdash jehette alahide rol oynaydu.
Shuni alahide tekitlep ötüshke erziduki, Amirkida
chiqidighan herqandaq qanun, peqetla Xittay zimini sirtida, bolupmu Amirka
ziminide qanuni küchke ige bolup, u Xittay döwliti ichide qanuni küchke ige
emes. Amirkida maqullan’ghan herqandaq qanun Amirkining tashqi siyasitide jümlidin
Amirika – Xittay munasiwetliride, Tibet yaki Uyghurlargha oxshash munasiwetlik
tereplerning mesilisige qandaq muamile qilishqa yol körsetküchlük rol oynaydu. Amirkida
tüzülgen herqandaq qanunning Xittay döwliti ichide qanchilik emillishi peqet we
peqetla Amirkining diplomatik tirishchanliqi we Xittayning uninggha qanchilik
ehmiyet birishige, uning özige ilip kilidighan payda ziyinini qandaq
tengpunglashturishigha baghliq.
Hemmimiz bilgendek bizning heq hoquqlirimizni
qoghdash bilen munasiwetlik Xittay döwlitining we xelqaraning nurghun qanunliri
bolsimu, ularning hich qaysisi Xittayda normal ijira bolghini yoq. Amirkining
Tibetler toghursida chiqarghan qanun we qararliri xili köp bolsimu, 1985 – yili
7 – ayda Amirka parlamentining 91 ezasi birlikte imza qoyup, Xittay hökümitini,
Dalay Lama wekilliri bilen biwaste sözlüshishke chaqirghan bolsimu, biraq netije
hemmimiz körep turiwatqandek 33 yildin kiyinki bügünki künde, Tibet xelqining
ehwalida közge körinerlik chong özgürüsh bolghini yoq, hetta Tibetler telep
qilghan ali aptinomiyemu riyalliqqa aylan’ghini yoq. Eksinche Tibet xelqige yürgüziliwatqan
her xil basturush siyasiti üzlüksiz dawam qilmaqta. Tibet xelqimu ilip
biriwatqan dawani boshashturmay üzlüksiz dawam qiliwatidu.
Shunga Amirkida Uyghurlargha munasiwetlik u qanun
burunraq maqullan’ghan bolsa hazirqi lagirlar dunyagha kelmeyitti, milyonlighan
gunasiz insanlar türmilerde, lagirlarda yatmayitti dep qarash, Amirkida tixi mewjut
bolmighan u qanunning küchini bek köptürwetkenlik bolidu. Eger Amirka qanun
chiqirish arqiliq yene bir döwletning ichki siyasitige tesir körsiteleydighan
bolsa, Shimali Koriye mesilisi hazirqidek bundaq uzun’gha sozilip ketmigen
bolatti. Amirkiningmu Shimali Koriye mesilisini hel qilishi üchün Xittay
hakimiyitige hajiti chüshmigen bolatti. Eger Amirka qanun chiqirish arqiliq
bashqa döwlet siyasitige tesir körsiteligen bolsa, özige xoshna bolghan
kichikkine Kuba, Amirka bilen shunche uzun düshmenleshmigen bolatti. Amirkidiki
Kubaliqlarmu ala burun erkin azade yurtigha birip kileligen bolatti.
Undin bashqa Magnitiski qanuni (Magnitsky Act) ala
burun maqullan’ghan qanun bolup, hazirqi mohim mesile qandaq qilip bu qanunni, xelqimizge
qirghinchiliq siyasiti yürgiziwatqan bir qisim Xittay emeldarlirigha ishlitip,
ularni Xittay zimini sirtida jazalitish mexsitige yitish. Bu qanunmu peqetle
Xittay zimini sirtida küchke ige bolup, uning eng chong ehmiyiti, u qanun
arqiliq Xittay emeldarlirining Xittay zimini sirtidiki menpetini ziyan’gha
uchurtush, ularning erkinlikini checklesh, inawitini tökesh we xelqimizge rohiy
jehettin ümüt bighishlash. Buningliq üchün teshkilatlirimiz we imkani yar
bergenler, jazalatmaqchi bolghan her qandaq bir Xittay emeldarining jinayi
qilmishi toghursida yiterlik ispat toplishi kirek.
Men ishinimenki wetinimizdiki jaza lagirliri choqum
taqilidu; xelqimizning bishigha kelgen éghir künler we zulumlar
bundaq dawam qiliwermeydu; Xittay hakimiyitimu zomigerlikini menggü dawam
qiliwirelmeydu. Mining qarishimche, jaza lagirlirining qachan we qandaq
taqilishi, Amirka we xelqaraning Uyghurlar üchün chiqarghan qanunigha baghliq emes;
mundaqche qilip eyitqanda Amirka bir qanun maqullash arqiliqla wetendiki jaza
lagirlirini taqitiwitelmeydu. Wetendiki jaza lagirlirining taqilishi, Xittay hökümitining
bu jaza lagirlarni ichishtiki mexset, muddahasigha, uningdin alidighan paydisi
bilen Amirka we xelqaraning bisimi tüpeylidin kilip chiqidighan payda ziyan
arisidiki tengpungluq qatarliq amillargha baghliq. Bir tereptin, eger Xittay
hökümiti bu jaza lagirlirini ichishtiki mexset muddasigha yetse we yaki jaza
lagirlirining zörüryiti qalmidi dep qarisa, jaza lagirlirini taqishi mümkin. Yene bir tereptin eger Amirka we xelqaraning bisimliri,
Xittay hakimiyitige her jehettin éghir ziyan ekelse, u ziyan jaza lagirlirini dawalashturush
arqiliq irishidighan paydisidin iship ketse, u chaghda Xittay hökümiti jaza
lagirlirini taqishi mümkin, yaki uning sheklini özgertip köz boyamchiliq
qilishi mümkin. Yighinchaqlap eyitqanda Amirka bashchilliq gherip döwletliridin
we xelqaradin Xittay hökümitige nisbeten qanche éghir
bisim kelse, Xittay hökümiti qanche osal ehwalgha chüshüp qalsa, andin
amalsizliqtin jaza lagirlirini shunche tiz taqashqa mejburi bolishi mümkin.
Mining qarishimche nöwette, Amirkida, Uyghurlargha
ahit qanun chiqirishqa eng paydiliq bir pursset bar. Amirkida Uyghurlargha
qanun maqullash we jaza lagirlirini taqash üchün, bizning teshkilatlirimiz
derhal herketke kilip, sistimiliq halda uzun muddet üzliksiz tirishchanliq
körsitishi kirek. Bizmu
teshkilatlirimizni her jehettin qollap quwetlishimiz kirek.
Amirkida Uyghurlargha munasiwetlik qanun
maqullitish we jaza lagirlirini taqitish üchün, men barliq wetendashlargha we teshkilatlargha
töwendiki tekliplerni sunmaqchimen.
Aldi bilen teshkilatimiz lobichiliq qilish üchün
kespi xadim yallap, qanun maqullash üchün zörür bolghan xizmetlerni eng qisqa
zaman ichide bashlisa.
Undin qalsa Amirkidiki Uyghur kishilik höquq
teshkilati yaki Amirka Uyghur birleshmisi we yaki bu jeqette qabiliyiti bar her
qandaq bir shexis bash bolup, Uyghurlarning hazirqi ehwalini toluq ekis
etturidighan bir parche dokilat yizip chiqsa; Amirka wetendishi bolghan her bir Uyghur u
dokilatqa imza qoyup, özi yashawatqan
shitattiki awam palatasiye we kingesh palatasiye ezalirigha yollap berse, we
shu arqiliq ularning maqullatmaqchi bolghan qanun layihesini qollishini qolgha
keltürse.
Eng axirda, wetendashlar hazir ilip biriliwatqan
namayish we her xil paliyetlerni öz yolida ilip biriwerse; weten milletke ziyanliqla
bolmaydiken, hichkim bir birige tosqunluq qilmisa, bir birini inkar qilmisa,
bir birige haqaret we hujum qilmisa.
Eng mohimi Allah rizasi we wetendiki shu xelqimiz
üchün, öz shexsi gherezlirimizdin waz kichip, öz ara itipaqlashsaq, küchni
birlikke keltürsek; talash tartish we ixtilaplarni toxtutup, zihnimiz we küch
quwitimizni dawagha toplisaq, dawani birlikte ilip barsaq, hich bolmighanda dawani
bir yolünüshte ilip barsaq; dawagha ziyan salidighan we düshmen’ge oyun qoyup
biridighan ishlarni qilmisaq.
Qoshumche
H.Res.953 - Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Government of the People's Republic of China has violated internationally recognized human rights and legal due process standards by carrying out executions after trials marred by procedural abuses and by carrying out arbitrary detentions targeting Uyghurs and other individuals in Xinjiang in the aftermath of a suppressed demonstration and ensuing mob violence on July 5 to 7, 2009. (2009 - 2010)
1. How are laws made
https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/the-legislative-process
2. U.S. Congressional Legislation for Tibet
https://www.savetibet.org/policy-center/us-government-and-legislative-advocacy/legislation-in-congress/
https://www.congress.gov/search?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22source%22%3A%5B%22legislation%22%2C%22congrecord%22%2C%22comreports%22%5D%2C%22search%22%3A%22Tibet%22%7D
3. 美国众院司法委员会一致核准“入藏互惠法案”
http://www.vot.org/cn/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%97%E9%99%A2%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E6%A0%B8%E5%87%86%E5%85%A5%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%92%E6%83%A0%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88/
4. Reciprocal Access to Tibet Act
http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/international/6269-us-house-judiciary-committee-unanimously-approves-reciprocal-access-to-tibet-act
https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1872
5. The Tibetan Policy Act of 2002
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43781.pdf
https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1779
6. Tibetan Refugee Assistance Act
https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/6536/text
https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3087
https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/tibetan-refugee-assistance-act-reintroduced-in-us-congress/429274.html
Qoshumche
1979 -
yilidin hazirgha qeder Amirka parlamentide ilin'ghan Uyghurlar toghursida barliq
qararlar ( ret tertiwi yiqinqidin burunqigha qarap tizildi)
H.Res.576 -
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Government of the
People's Republic of China has violated internationally recognized human rights
by implementing severe restrictions on the rights of Uyghurs
to freely associate and engage in religious and political speech, subjecting
detained Uyghurs
to torture and forced confessions, carrying out extrajudicial killings against Uyghur dissidents,
and pressuring other governments to unlawfully return Uyghurs
to China, where they face mistreatment and persecution. (2011 - 2012)
S.Res.155 - A
resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that the Government of the
People's Republic of China should immediately cease engaging in acts of
cultural, linguistic, and religious suppression directed against the Uyghur people.
(2009 - 2010)
H.Res.953 - Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Government of the People's Republic of China has violated internationally recognized human rights and legal due process standards by carrying out executions after trials marred by procedural abuses and by carrying out arbitrary detentions targeting Uyghurs and other individuals in Xinjiang in the aftermath of a suppressed demonstration and ensuing mob violence on July 5 to 7, 2009. (2009 - 2010)
H.Res.624 -
Condemning all violent repression by the Government of the People's Republic of
China of peaceful Uighur
protests. (2009 - 2010)
H.Res.774 - Expressing
appreciation to Bermuda for accepting 4 individuals released from the detention
facility at Naval Station, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. (2009 - 2010)
S.Res.574 - A
resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that the Government of the
People's Republic of China should immediately release from custody the children
of Rebiya Kadeer and Canadian citizen Huseyin Celil and should refrain from
further engaging in acts of cultural, linguistic, and religious suppression
directed against the Uyghur people.
(2007 - 2008)
H.Res.497 -
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Government of the
People's Republic of China should immediately release from custody the children
of Rebiya Kadeer and Canadian citizen Huseyin Celil and should refrain from
further engaging in acts of cultural, linguistic, and religious suppression directed
against the Uyghur people,
and for other purposes. (2007 - 2008)
H.Res.1370 -
Resolution calling on the Government of the People's Republic of China to
immediately end abuses of the human rights of its citizens, to cease repression
of Tibetan and Uighur people,
and to end its support for the Governments of Sudan and Burma to ensure that
the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games take place in an atmosphere that honors the
Olympic traditions of freedom and openness. (2007 - 2008)
S.Res.230 - A
resolution calling on the People's Republic of China immediately and
unconditionally to release Rebiya Kadeer, and for other purposes. (2003 - 2004)
H.Res.477 -
Calling on the People's Republic of China immediately and unconditionally to
release Rebiya Kadeer, and for other purposes. (2003-2004)
H.Con.Res.249 -
Expressing the sense of the Congress that the Government of the People's
Republic of China should immediately release Rabiya Kadeer, her secretary, and
her son, abide by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and
permit Kadeer, her secretary, and her son to move to the United States if they
so desire. (1999 - 2010)
S.Res.252 - A
resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that Rebiya Kadeer, her family
member and business associate, should be released by the People's Republic of
China. (1999 - 2010)
H.Con.Res.132 -
A concurrent resolution expressing the sense of the Congress that Radio Free
Europe/Radio Liberty should reinstate Uighur language
broadcasts to the Soviet Union. (1979-1980)
Paydilan'ghan
matiryallar we ularning ulanmiliri
1. How are laws made
https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/the-legislative-process
2. U.S. Congressional Legislation for Tibet
https://www.savetibet.org/policy-center/us-government-and-legislative-advocacy/legislation-in-congress/
https://www.congress.gov/search?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22source%22%3A%5B%22legislation%22%2C%22congrecord%22%2C%22comreports%22%5D%2C%22search%22%3A%22Tibet%22%7D
3. 美国众院司法委员会一致核准“入藏互惠法案”
http://www.vot.org/cn/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%97%E9%99%A2%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E6%A0%B8%E5%87%86%E5%85%A5%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%92%E6%83%A0%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88/
4. Reciprocal Access to Tibet Act
http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/international/6269-us-house-judiciary-committee-unanimously-approves-reciprocal-access-to-tibet-act
https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1872
5. The Tibetan Policy Act of 2002
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43781.pdf
https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1779
6. Tibetan Refugee Assistance Act
https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/6536/text
https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3087
https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/tibetan-refugee-assistance-act-reintroduced-in-us-congress/429274.html
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